Lee LM, Chang LC, Wrobleski S, Wakefield TW and Yang VC Low Molecular Weight Protamine as Nontoxic Heparin/Low Molecular Weight Heparin Antidote (III): Preliminary In Vivo Evaluation of Efficacy and Toxicity Using a Canine Model AAPS PharmSci 2001; 3 (3) article 19 (https://www.pharmsci.org/scientificjournals/pharmsci/journal/01_19.html).

Figures and Tables

Figure 1.Schematic description of the experimental protocol.

Figure 2.In vivo heparin neutralization as measured by the (A) aPTT and (B) TCT heparin-clotting assay. The data were normalized to 0% activity before heparin administration and 100% activity after heparin neutralization. The data were presented as the mean ± SD. For experimental details, please see the Materials and Methods section of this article

Figure 3.In vivo heparin neutralization as measured by the (A) anti-Xa and (B) anti-IIa heparin chromogenic assay. The data were normalized to 0% activity before heparin administration and 100% activity after heparin neutralization. The data were presented as the mean ± SD. For experimental details, please see the Materials and Methods section of this article. FIIa indicates activated clotting factor IIa (thrombin); FXa indicates activated clotting factor Xa.

Figure 4.Hemodynamic changes in dogs. Hemodynamic parameters measured include (A) mean arterial pressure (MAP) and (B) pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PAS). Mean data were presented. *P < .05 from the control group. For experimental details, please see the Materials and Methods section of this article.

Table 1. Maximum Changes in White Blood Cell Counts and Platelet Counts in Dogs Following Heparin Reversal with Protamine and Low Molecular Weight Protamine (LMWP) (mean ± SD)