Code of Ethics

AAPS member scientists recognize their special obligations to society and the public welfare. They utilize their expertise with integrity to advance the health and welfare of mankind. In their scientific pursuits they:

• Conduct their work in a manner that adheres to the highest principles of scientific research so as to merit the confidence and trust of peers and the public in particular regarding the rights of human subjects and concern for the proper use of animals involved and provision for suitable safeguards against environmental damage.
  

• Avoid scientific misconduct and expose and condemn it when recognized. This includes: knowingly misrepresenting data, experimental procedures or data analysis; plagiarism, improper inclusion or exclusion of authors and willful exclusion of acknowledgements for previous contributions.
  

• Recognize latitude for differences of scientific opinion in the interpretation of scientific data and that such differences of opinion do not constitute unethical conduct.
  

• Disclose sources of external financial support for, or significant financial interests in the content of, research reports/publications and avoid the manipulation of the release of such information for illegal financial gain.
  

• Report results accurately, stating explicitly any known or suspected bias, opposing efforts to improperly modify data or conclusions and offering professional advice only on those subjects concerning which they regard themselves competent through scientific education, training, or experience.
  

• Respect the known ownership rights of others in scientific research and seek prior authorization from the owner before disclosure or use of such information including the contents of manuscripts submitted for pre-publication review.
  

• Support in their research and among their employers the participation and employment of all qualified persons regardless of race, gender, creed, or national origin.